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Grammar

General grammar:

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  • Plurals marked by the prefix o'

    • balisaa -> o'balisaa  /  onikaan -> o'nikaan​

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  • Standard word order is S V O (unless changed by a tense)

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  • Syllable structure is (c)v(v)(c)

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  • Questions marked by adding the prefix ni- to the inquiry word

  • inquiry word goes at the end of the sentence

    • how are you? = Moa ni-ki. [you is/are?] â€‹

    • where is the supermarket? = A bia-kasiaa ki ni-jal. [the supermarket is where?]

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  • Time phrases always go at start of sentences

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  • Uncertainty about the truth of an adjective or noun is shown by the suffix -saa

  • Absolute certainty about the truth of an adjective or noun is shown by the suffix -sila

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  • To show that an adjective is increasing in amount/intensity use the prefix gi-

  • To show that an adjective is decreasing in amount/intensity use the prefix bi-

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  • If a verb is reflexive, it gains the prefix baan-

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  • To show that a verb/adjective is impossible, or will never happen, use the suffix -onaal

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  • If an adjective is extremely important to the sentence, use the prefix biaki-

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  • To show a verb is beginning use the suffix -dimaaja

  • To a show a verb is ending use the suffix -disaadak

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  • To show an adjective is eternally true, use the prefix doadoa-

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  • If there is a large group of the same noun, use the prefix kiokiko- 

Punctuation:

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  • Question marks and exclamation marks are not used

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  • ​Speech marks are written as /.../

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  • Dashes are used for:

    •  joining two words into a compound word

    • showing a regular affix

      • ​eg: ni- / an- / etc..​​

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  • Apostrophes are used for:

    • omission of a letter (when two letters are the same on either side of a dash)

      • naasi-il  ->  naasi-'l​

    • showing a special affix​

      • eg: o' / oaa' / etc...​

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Changing word class:

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  • To turn a word into a noun use either the prefix an- or the suffix -akaado

    • an- is used for: objects, abstract concepts and spiritual beings​

    • -akaado is used for: jobs, types of people, surnames

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  • To turn a word into an adjective use either the prefix di- or oaa'

    • di- is used for: saying something is related to the following word in some way​

    • oaa' is used for: turning the following word into a simile 

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  • To turn a word into a verb use the prefix il-

Regular affixes vs special affixes:

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  • Regular affixes:

    • are shown by a dash

    • can be preifxes or suffixes​

    • are able to be "stacked" 

      • eg: ni-'l-goa (ni + il + goa)​

    • almost all affixes are regular

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  • ​Special affixes:

    • are shown by an apostrophe

    • are always prefixes​

    • are not able to be "stacked"

    • only a small handful of affixes are special

    • List of all special affixes:

      • O'...​ (to make plural)

      • Oaa'... (to turn into simile)

      • Dara'... (first ever)

      • Kasaa'... (last ever)

      • Gagaana'... (more than)

      • Mamilaa'... (less than)

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